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When the Dead Rise Again Are They Zombies Rapture

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Conventionalities that most or all the dead who accept ever lived will exist resurrected

Full general resurrection or universal resurrection is the conventionalities in a resurrection of the dead, or resurrection from the dead (Koine: ἀνάστασις [τῶν] νεκρῶν , anastasis [ton] nekron; literally: "standing upward over again of the dead"[1]) by which most or all people who have died would exist resurrected (brought dorsum to life). Diverse forms of this concept can be found in Christian, Islamic, Jewish, Samaritanism and Zoroastrian eschatology.

Rabbinic Judaism and Samaritanism [edit]

There are three explicit examples in the Hebrew Bible of people being resurrected from the expressionless:

  • The prophet Elijah prays and God raises a young boy from death (1 Kings 17:17–24)
  • Elisha raises the son of the Shunammite woman (2 Kings iv:32–37); this was the very same child whose nativity he previously foretold (2 Kings four:8–16)
  • A dead human being'southward body that was thrown into the dead Elisha'due south tomb is resurrected when the body touches Elisha'due south bones (two Kings 13:21)

While there was no belief in personal afterlife with reward or penalty in Judaism before 200 BC,[two] in later Judaism and Samaritanism it is believed that the God of Israel volition one day give teḥiyyat ha-metim ("life to the dead") to the righteous during the Messianic Age, and they volition alive forever in the world to come (Olam Ha-Ba).[three] Jews today base this belief on the Book of Isaiah (Yeshayahu), Volume of Ezekiel (Yeḥez'qel), and Book of Daniel (Dani'el). Samaritans base of operations information technology solely on a passage called the Haazinu in the Samaritan Pentateuch, since they accept but the Torah and reject the rest of the Hebrew Bible.

During the 2nd Temple period, Judaism developed a diversity of beliefs concerning the resurrection. The concept of resurrection of the concrete torso is found in 2 Maccabees, according to which information technology volition happen through recreation of the mankind.[4] Resurrection of the dead also appears in detail in the extra-canonical books of Enoch,[5] in the Apocalypse of Baruch,[vi] and ii Esdras. According to the British scholar in ancient Judaism Philip R. Davies, there is "picayune or no clear reference ... either to immortality or to resurrection from the dead" in the Expressionless Sea scrolls texts.[7] Both Josephus and the New Testament record that the Sadducees did non believe in an afterlife,[8] but the sources vary on the beliefs of the Pharisees. The New Testament claims that the Pharisees believed in the resurrection, but does not specify whether this included the mankind or non.[9] According to Josephus, who himself was a Pharisee, the Pharisees held that only the soul was immortal and the souls of good people will be reincarnated and "pass into other bodies," while "the souls of the wicked volition suffer eternal punishment."[x] Paul the Apostle, who likewise was a Pharisee,[11] said that at the resurrection what is "sown as a natural torso is raised a spiritual body."[12] Jubilees refers simply to the resurrection of the soul, or to a more general idea of an immortal soul.[13] The Second Temple Judaism tradition at Qumran held that there would be a resurrection of only and unjust, but of the very skilful and very bad,[14] and of Jews simply.[15] [16] The extent of the resurrection in 2 Baruch and four Ezra is debated by scholars.[17] [18] [19]

The resurrection of the dead is a cadre belief in the Mishnah which was assembled in the early centuries of the Christian era.[20] The belief in resurrection is expressed on all occasions in the Jewish liturgy; due east.g., in the morning time prayer Elohai Neshamah, in the Shemoneh 'Esreh and in the funeral services.[21] Jewish halakhic say-so Maimonides set up down his Thirteen Articles of Organized religion which have ever since been printed in all Rabbinic Siddur (prayer books). Resurrection is the thirteenth principle: "I firmly believe that there volition accept identify a revival of the dead at a time which will please the Creator, blest be His name."[22] Modernistic Orthodox Judaism holds belief in the resurrection of the dead to be one of the cardinal principles of Rabbinic Judaism.

Harry Sysling, in his 1996 written report of Teḥiyyat Ha-Metim in the Palestinian Targumim, identifies a consequent usage of the term "second death" in texts from the Second Temple period and early on rabbinical writings, but not in the Hebrew Bible.[23] "Second death" is identified with judgment, followed by resurrection from Gehinnom ("Gehenna") at the Concluding 24-hour interval.[24]

Christianity [edit]

Detail from a North Mississippi Christian cemetery headstone with the inscription: "May the resurrection find thee On the bosom of thy God."

Epistles [edit]

In the First Epistle to the Corinthians chapter xv, ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν is used for the resurrection of the expressionless.[ commendation needed ] In verses 54–55, Paul the Apostle is conveyed as quoting from the Book of Hosea 13:14 where he speaks of the abolition of death. In the Pauline epistles of the New Testament, Paul the Campaigner wrote that those who volition exist resurrected to eternal life will be resurrected with spiritual bodies, which are imperishable; the "flesh and blood" of natural, perishable bodies cannot inherit the kingdom of God, and, likewise, those that are corruptible volition not receive incorruption (1 Corinthians 15:35–54). Even though Paul does not explicitly establish that immortality excludes physical bodies, some scholars empathise that according to Paul, flesh is simply to play no part, as people are made immortal.[25]

Gospels and Acts [edit]

The Gospel of Matthew has Jesus famously teach/preach for the kickoff time in 4:17, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand." Matthew half-dozen:19-21. It introduces the expression ἀναστάσεως τῶν νεκρῶν, which is used in a monologue by Jesus who speaks to the crowds about "the resurrection" called simply ῇ ἀναστάσει (Mat. 22:29–33). This type of resurrection refers to the raising up of the dead, all mankind, at the end of this present historic period,[26] the general or universal resurrection.[27]

In the canonical gospels, the resurrection of Jesus is described as a resurrection of the flesh: from the empty tomb in Mark; the women embracing the anxiety of the resurrected Jesus in Matthew; the insistence of the resurrected Jesus in Luke that he is of "flesh and bones" and non just a spirit or pneuma; to the resurrected Jesus encouraging the disciples to touch his wounds in John.

In Acts of the Apostles the expression ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν was used by the Apostles and Paul the Apostle to defend the doctrine of the resurrection. Paul brought up the resurrection in his trial earlier Ananias ben Nedebaios. The expression was variously used in reference to a full general resurrection (Acts 24:21)[27] at the finish of this present age (Acts 23:six, 24:15).[26]

Acts 24:15 in the King James Version reads: "... in that location shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the but and unjust."

Nicene Creed and early Christianity [edit]

Resurrection of the Flesh (c. 1500) by Luca Signorelli – based on 1 Corinthians 15: 52: "the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall exist raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed." Chapel of San Brizio, Duomo, Orvieto.

Near Christian denominations profess the Nicene Creed, which affirms the resurrection of the dead; nearly English versions of the Nicene Creed in electric current use include the phrase: "Nosotros look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come."[28]

The Christian writers Irenaeus and Justin Martyr, in the 2nd century, wrote against the thought that merely the soul survived. (The discussion "soul" is unknown in the Aramaic; it entered Christian theology through the Greek.)[29] Justin Martyr insists that a man is both soul and body and Christ has promised to raise both, just equally his own body was raised.[30]

The Christian doctrine of resurrection is based on Christ's resurrection. There was no ancient Greek belief in a full general resurrection of the dead. Indeed, they held that once a torso had been destroyed, there was no possibility of returning to life as non even the gods could recreate the flesh.[ citation needed ]

Several early Church Fathers, like Pseudo-Justin, Justin Martyr, Tatian, Irenaeus, and Athenagoras of Athens argue most the Christian resurrection beliefs in means that answer to this traditional Greek scepticism to mail service-mortal physical continuity. The human body could non be annihilated, only dissolved – it could not even be integrated in the bodies of those who devoured it. Thus God only had to reassemble the minute parts of the dissolved bodies in the resurrection.[ commendation needed ]

Traditional Christian Churches, i.e. ones that adhere to the creeds, continue to uphold the conventionalities that in that location will be a general and universal resurrection of the dead at "the stop of fourth dimension", equally described past Paul when he said: "He hath appointed a mean solar day, in which he will judge the world" (Acts 17:31 KJV) and "There shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust" (Acts 24:15 KJV).

Mod Era [edit]

Early Christian church building fathers dedicated the resurrection of the dead against the pagan belief that the immortal soul went to the underworld immediately subsequently death. Currently, however, information technology is a pop Christian belief that the souls of the righteous go to Heaven.[31] [32]

At the close of the medieval period, the modern era brought a shift in Christian thinking from an emphasis on the resurrection of the body back to the immortality of the soul.[33] This shift was a result of a modify in the zeitgeist, as a reaction to the Renaissance and later to the Enlightenment. André Dartigues has observed that especially "from the 17th to the 19th century, the language of pop piety no longer evoked the resurrection of the soul but everlasting life. Although theological textbooks notwithstanding mentioned resurrection, they dealt with it every bit a speculative question more than than every bit an existential problem."[33]

This shift was supported non by any scripture, only largely by the popular organized religion of the Enlightenment, deism. Deism allowed for a supreme being, such as the philosophical showtime crusade, merely denied any pregnant personal or relational interaction with this figure. Deism, which was largely led by rationality and reason, could let a belief in the immortality of the soul, but not necessarily in the resurrection of the expressionless. American deist Ethan Allen demonstrates this thinking in his piece of work, Reason the Only Oracle of Human being (1784) where he argues in the preface that nearly every philosophical problem is beyond humanity's understanding, including the miracles of Christianity, although he does allow for the immortality of an immaterial soul.[34]

Influence on secular police and custom [edit]

In Christian theology, it was once widely believed that to rising on Judgment Day the body had to exist whole and preferably buried with the anxiety to the due east so that the person would rise facing God.[35] [36] [37] An Human activity of Parliament from the reign of King Henry Viii stipulated that only the corpses of executed murderers could exist used for autopsy.[38] Restricting the supply to the cadavers of murderers was seen as an extra penalisation for the crime. If one believes dismemberment stopped the possibility of resurrection of an intact body on judgment solar day, then a posthumous execution is an effective mode of punishing a criminal.[39] [forty] [41] [42] Attitudes towards this consequence changed very slowly in the United Kingdom and were not manifested in police force until the passing of the Beefcake Act in 1832. Cremation was accepted more slowly; the outset UK cremation did not have place till October 1882, on private land, and cremation was not alleged lawful until 1884, when Dr. William Price, a Druid High priest, was tried and acquitted at South Glamorgan Assizes for the attempted cremation of the body of his baby son.[43]

Denominational views [edit]

In Catholicism, Augustine of Hippo believed in a universal resurrection of bodies for all immortal souls.[44] Co-ordinate to the Catholic Encyclopedia:

"No doctrine of the Christian Faith", says St. Augustine, "is so vehemently and so obstinately opposed as the doctrine of the resurrection of the mankind." This opposition had begun long before the days of St. Augustine.[45]

According to the Summa Theologica, spiritual beings that have been restored to glorified bodies volition take the post-obit basic qualities:

  • Impassibility (incorruptible / painless) – amnesty from expiry and pain
  • Subtility (permeability) – freedom from restraint by thing
  • Agility – obedience to spirit with relation to movement and space (the ability to move through space and time with the speed of thought)
  • Clarity – resplendent beauty of the spirit manifested in the trunk (every bit when Jesus was transfigured on Mount Tabor)[46]

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia (1911) commodity on "General resurrection"[47]

"The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) teaches that all men, whether elect or reprobate, "will rise over again with their own bodies which they now deport almost with them" (affiliate "Firmiter"). In the linguistic communication of the creeds and professions of religion this render to life is called resurrection of the torso (resurrectio carnis, resurrectio mortuorum, anastasis ton nekron) for a double reason: kickoff, since the soul cannot dice, it cannot be said to render to life; second the heretical contention of Hymeneus and Philitus that the Scriptures announce past resurrection not the return to life of the trunk, but the rising of the soul from the expiry of sin to the life of grace, must exist excluded."

The Catechism of the Catholic Church says:

997 What is "ascent"? In death, the separation of the soul from the body, the human body decays and the soul goes to meet God, while awaiting its reunion with its glorified trunk. God, in his almighty power, will definitively grant incorruptible life to our bodies by reuniting them with our souls, through the power of Jesus' Resurrection.

998 Who will rise? All the dead will ascension, "those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of judgment."

999 How? Christ is raised with his own body: "Meet my easily and my anxiety, that it is I myself"; but he did not return to an earthly life. And so, in him, "all of them will ascension once again with their ain bodies which they now bear," but Christ "volition modify our lowly body to be like his glorious torso," into a "spiritual body":

But someone will inquire, "How are the dead raised? With what kind of body practise they come?" Yous foolish human being! What you lot sow does not come up to life unless it dies. and what you sow is non the body which is to be, but a bare kernel ....What is sown is perishable, what is raised is imperishable.... the expressionless volition be raised imperishable.... For this perishable nature must put on the imperishable, and this mortal nature must put on immortality.(1 Cor fifteen:35-37. 42. 53).

1001 When? Definitively "at the concluding solar day," "at the stop of the world." Indeed, the resurrection of the expressionless is closely associated with Christ's Parousia:

For the Lord himself will descend from heaven, with a cry of command, with the archangel'due south phone call, and with the sound of the trumpet of God. and the dead in Christ will rise first. (1 Thess 4:16)[48]

1038 The resurrection of all the dead, "of both the simply and the unjust" (Acts 24:15), will precede the Last Judgment. This will be "the 60 minutes when all who are in the tombs will hear [the Son of man'due south] voice and come forth, those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of judgment" (Jn v:28-29).[49]

In Anglicanism, scholars such as the Bishop of Durham N. T. Wright,[fifty] have dedicated the primacy of the resurrection in Christian faith. Interviewed by Time in 2008, senior Anglican bishop and theologian N. T. Wright spoke of "the thought of bodily resurrection that people deny when they talk about their 'souls going to Heaven,'" adding: "I've often heard people say, 'I'm going to heaven presently, and I won't need this stupid body in that location, give thanks goodness.' That's a very damaging distortion, all the more so for existence unintentional." Instead, Wright explains: "In the Bible we are told that you die, and enter an intermediate state." This is "conscious," but "compared to existence actual alive, it will exist like being asleep." This volition exist followed by resurrection into new bodies, he says. "Our culture is very interested in life after decease, but the New Testament is much more interested in what I've called the life later life after death."

Among the original Forty-Two Articles of the Church of England, one read: "The resurrection of the dead is not as yet brought to pass, as though it only belonged to the soul, which by the grace of Christ is raised from the death of sin, but it is to be looked for at the concluding mean solar day; for and so (as Scripture doth most manifestly testify) to all that be dead their own bodies, flesh and bone shall exist restored, that the whole man may (according to his works) have other reward or punishment, as he hath lived virtuously, or wickedly."[51]

Of Baptists, James Leo Garrett Jr., E. Glenn Hinson, and James E. Tull write that "Baptists traditionally accept held firmly to the belief that Christ rose triumphant over expiry, sin, and hell in a actual resurrection from the dead."[52]

In Lutheranism, Martin Luther personally believed and taught resurrection of the dead in combination with soul sleep. Withal, this is not a mainstream educational activity of Lutheranism and most Lutherans traditionally believe in resurrection of the trunk in combination with the immortal soul.[53] According to the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS), on the terminal day all the expressionless will be resurrected. Their souls volition and so be reunited with the aforementioned bodies they had before dying. The bodies will then be changed, those of the wicked to a state of everlasting shame and torment, those of the righteous to an everlasting state of celestial glory.[54]

In Methodism, M. Douglas Meeks, professor of theology and Wesleyan studies at Vanderbilt Divinity Schoolhouse, states that "information technology is very of import for Christians to hold to the resurrection of the body."[55] F. Belton Joyner in United Methodist Answers, states that the "New Testament does not speak of a natural immortality of the soul, as if we never really die. It speaks of resurrection of the body, the claim that is fabricated each time we state the historic Apostles' Creed and archetype Nicene Creed," given in The United Methodist Hymnal.[56] In ¶128 of the Book of Discipline of the Free Methodist Church it is written: "There will be a bodily resurrection from the dead of both the just and the unjust, they that take done good unto the resurrection of life, they that accept done evil unto the resurrection of the damnation. The resurrected trunk will be a spiritual body, but the person will be whole identifiable. The Resurrection of Christ is the guarantee of resurrection unto life to those who are in Him."[57] John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church, in his sermon On the Resurrection of the Dead, defended the doctrine, stating "There are many places of Scripture that manifestly declare it. St. Paul, in the 53d poesy of this chapter, tells us that 'this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.' [1 Corinthians 15:53]."[58] In addition, notable Methodist hymns, such as those past Charles Wesley, link 'our resurrection and Christ's resurrection".[55]

In Christian conditionalism, there are several churches, such as the Anabaptists and Socinians of the Reformation, then 7th-day Adventist Church, Christadelphians, Jehovah's Witnesses, and theologians of different traditions who decline the idea of the immortality of a not-physical soul as a vestige of Neoplatonism, and other pagan traditions.[ citation needed ] In this school of thought, the dead remain expressionless (and practice not immediately progress to a Heaven, Hell, or Purgatory) until a concrete resurrection of some or all of the dead occurs at the cease of time, or in Paradise restored on earth, in a full general resurrection. Some groups, Christadelphians in detail, consider that it is not a universal resurrection, and that at this time of resurrection that the Last Judgment will take identify.[59]

The beginning-century treatise Didache comments 'Non the resurrection of everyone, but, as it says, "The Lord will come and all his holy ones with him" (sixteen.seven)[60]

Many Evangelicals believe in a universal resurrection, but divided into two split up resurrections; at the Second Coming and then again at the Great White Throne.[61] The Doctrinal Basis of the Evangelical Brotherhood affirms belief in "the resurrection of the body, the judgment of the world by our Lord Jesus Christ, with the eternal blessedness of the righteous, and the eternal penalization of the wicked."[62]

Latter Solar day Saints believe that God has a plan of salvation. Earlier the resurrection, the spirits of the expressionless are believed to exist in a place known equally the spirit world, which is similar to, however fundamentally distinct from, the traditional concept of Heaven and Hell. It is believed that the spirit retains its wants, beliefs, and desires in the afterlife.[63] Doctrine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that Jesus Christ was the showtime person to be resurrected,[64] and that all those who have lived on the earth will be resurrected considering of Jesus Christ, regardless of their righteousness.[64] The Church teaches that not all are resurrected at the same time; the righteous will exist resurrected in a "get-go resurrection" and unrepentant sinners in a "concluding resurrection."[64] The resurrection is believed to unite the spirit with the body again, and the Church teaches that the trunk (flesh and bone) will be made whole and become incorruptible, a land which includes immortality.[65] There is also a belief in Latter-day Saint doctrine that a few infrequent individuals were removed from the globe "without tasting of death." This is referred to as translation, and these individuals are believed to have retained their bodies in a purified course, though they too will somewhen be required to receive resurrection.[66]

Some millennialists translate the Volume of Revelation as requiring two concrete resurrections of the dead, 1 earlier the Millennium, the other subsequently it.[67]

Mortalists, those Christians who do not believe that humans have immortal souls, may believe in a universal resurrection, such as Martin Luther,[68] and Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan.[69] Some mortalist denominations may believe in a universal resurrection of all the dead, but in two resurrection events, one at either end of a millennium, such equally Seventh-twenty-four hour period Adventists.[70] Other mortalist denominations deny a universal resurrection, such every bit Christadelphians[71] and agree that the dead count three groups; the majority who volition never be raised, those raised to condemnation, and a second final devastation in the "2d Death", and those raised to eternal life.

Islam [edit]

Co-ordinate to Islamic eschatology, the Day of Resurrection (yawm al-qiyāmah) [72] is believed to be God's concluding cess of humanity. The sequence of events (according to the most commonly held belief) is the annihilation of all creatures, resurrection of the body, and the judgment of all sentient creatures. The exact time when these events will occur is unknown, however in that location are said to be major[73] and small signs[74] which are to occur nearly the time of Qiyamah (stop time). Many Quranic verses, specially the earlier ones, are dominated by the thought of the nearing of the day of resurrection.[75] [76]

In the sign of nafkhatu'fifty-ula, a trumpet will be sounded for the first time, and result in the decease of the remaining sinners. And so in that location will be a period of forty years. The eleventh sign is the sounding of a 2nd trumpet to signal the resurrection equally ba'as ba'da'l-mawt.[77] Then all volition be naked and running to the Identify of Gathering.[ commendation needed ]

The Day of Resurrection is one of the vi articles of Islamic organized religion.[78] Everybody volition business relationship for their deeds in this earth and people will go to heaven or hell.

Bahai Faith [edit]

See Terminal Judgment#Bahai Faith.

Zoroastrianism [edit]

The Zoroastrian belief in an stop times renovation of the world is known every bit frashokereti, which includes some form of revival of the dead that can be attested from no earlier than the fourth century BCE.[79] As distinct from Judaism this is the resurrection of all the expressionless to universal purification and renewal of the world.[80] In the frashokereti doctrine, the concluding renovation of the universe is when evil will be destroyed, and everything else will be then in perfect unity with God (Ahura Mazda). The term probably ways "making wonderful, excellent". The doctrinal premises are (1) proficient volition eventually prevail over evil; (two) creation was initially perfectly good, but was subsequently corrupted by evil; (3) the world will ultimately exist restored to the perfection it had at the time of creation; (iv) the "conservancy for the private depended on the sum of (that person's) thoughts, words and deeds, and at that place could be no intervention, whether compassionate or capricious, by any divine existence to alter this." Thus, each human bears the responsibility for the fate of his ain soul, and simultaneously shares in the responsibility for the fate of the world.[81]

Meet as well [edit]

  • Dying-and-ascension god
  • Posthumous execution
  • Preterism
  • Technological resurrection

Footnotes [edit]

  1. ^ Potent 2007, p. 1604: G386 ἀνάστασις.
  2. ^ Gowan, Donald E. (ane January 2003). The Westminster Theological Wordbook of the Bible. Westminster John Knox Printing. p. 188. ISBN978-0-664-22394-6.
  3. ^ "Maimonides' 13 Principles of Jewish Faith". web.oru.edu . Retrieved eight August 2020.
  4. ^ two Maccabees 7.11, 7.28.
  5. ^ 1 Enoch 61.5, 61.2.
  6. ^ two Baruch 50.2, 51.5
  7. ^ Philip R. Davies. "Death, Resurrection and Life After Death in the Qumran Scrolls" in Alan J. Avery-Peck & Jacob Neusner (eds.) Judaism in Late Antiquity: Role Iv: Death, Life-After-Death, Resurrection, and the World-To-Come in the Judaisms of Antiquity. Leiden 2000:209.
  8. ^ Josephus Antiquities 18.16; Matthew 22.23; Mark 12.eighteen; Luke 20.27; Acts 23.8.
  9. ^ Acts 23.8.
  10. ^ Josephus Jewish War 2.8.fourteen; cf. Antiquities 8.14–fifteen.
  11. ^ Acts 23.6, 26.5.
  12. ^ i Corinthians 15.35–53
  13. ^ Jubilees 23.31
  14. ^ John Joseph Collins Apocalypticism in the Dead Sea Scrolls 1997 p112 "The resurrection is non universal. It is the destiny of the very adept and the very bad, who are raised for advantage and punishment respectively. Daniel uses the metaphor of sleep and awakening to indicate the transition that is in ..."
  15. ^ Lester 50. Grabbe An introduction to outset century Judaism: Jewish religion and History in the Second Temple Catamenia (9780567085061): 1996 p79 "Hither the resurrection is not universal but involves just some of the dead. The righteous achieve what is referred to as 'astral immortality'; that is, they become like the stars of heaven (12:3). After this resurrection is establish widely ..
  16. ^ The Expositor Samuel Cox, Sir William Robertson Nicoll, James Moffatt - 1884 "and that his soul may quiet for ever and e'er with those elected unto life everlasting." 3 Ten. While thus the Jews firmly believed in the Resurrection of the dead, it was no universal resurrection that they held. "
  17. ^ Jacob Neusner, Alan Jeffery Avery-Peck Judaism in Late Antiquity: Function Four: Decease, Life-Later-Death 2000 p157 "2, p. 301. On the views of resurrection, judgment, and the globe to come up in 2 Baruch and four Ezra, encounter the commodity by John J. Collins in this volume and Nickelsburg, Resurrection, pp. 84-85, 138-140.
  18. ^ Liv Ingeborg Lied The other lands of Israel: imaginations of the state in two Baruch 2008 p189 "In other words, this is non a resurrection of all Israel or a universal resurrection of mankind (fifty–51). "The starting time" ("the ancients," "of ... 1Thess 4:15; Cf. Charles, Apocalypse of Baruch, 55–56; Bogaert, Apocalypse de Baruch 2, 66)."
  19. ^ Turid Karlsen Seim, Jorunn Økland Metamorphoses: resurrection, torso and transformative practices in 2009 p29 "In 1 Corinthians 15 Paul argues didactically rather than polemically in defence force of a resurrection from the dead.31 In the eschatological scenario of 1 Corinthians 15, there is, differently from 2 Baruch, no universal resurrection..."
  20. ^ Jacob Neusner, World Religions in America: An Introduction (2009), p. 133: "He who says, the resurrection of the dead is a educational activity which does not derive from the Torah. ...Excluded are those who deny the resurrection of the dead, or deny that the Torah teaches that the dead will live."
  21. ^ "Resurrection: Jewish Creed or Non?". Jewish Encyclopedia . Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  22. ^ David Birnbaum, Jews, Church building & Culture, Volume III (Millennium Education Foundation 2005), p. 157
  23. ^ "Bool of Job".
  24. ^ Harry Sysling, Teḥiyyat ha-metim: the resurrection of the dead in the Palestinian Targums (1996), p. 222: "Here the 2d death is identical with the judgment in Gehinnom. The wicked will perish and their riches volition be given to the righteous."
  25. ^ Archibald Robertson & Alfred Plummer. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the First Epistle of St Paul to the Corinthians. Edinburgh 1914:375–76; Oscar Cullmann. "Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection of the Dead" in Krister Stendahl (ed.) Immortality and Resurrection. New York 1965 [1955]:35; Gunnar af Hällström. Carnis Resurrection: The Interpretation of a Credal Formula. Helsinki 1988:10; Caroline Walker Bynum. The Resurrection of the Body in Western Christianity, 200–1336. New York 1995:six.
  26. ^ a b Thayer 1890, p. ἀνάστασις.
  27. ^ a b Abbott-Smith 1999, p. 33.
  28. ^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church, Profession of Fatih". Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  29. ^ Exegetical Lexicon of the New Testament
  30. ^ "Justin Martyr on the Resurrection". Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  31. ^ "Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod - Christian Concordance". cyclopedia.lcms.org . Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  32. ^ Will We Exist Reunited with Children Who Have Died? Archived 7 December 2006 at the Wayback Car
  33. ^ a b Encyclopedia of Christian Theology Vol. 3, "Resurrection of the Dead" past André Dartigues, ed. past Jean-Yves Lacoste (New York: Routledge, 2005), 1381.
  34. ^ The Encyclopedia of Unbelief, Vol. ane, A–Chiliad, "Deism," Edited past Gordon Stein (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1985), 134.
  35. ^ Barbara Yorke (2006), The Conversion of Uk Pearson Education, ISBN 0-582-77292-iii, ISBN 978-0-582-77292-2. p. 215
  36. ^ Essex, Massachusetts – Cemetery: The Old Burial Footing, Essex, Mass.I. Clarification and History "Up until the early on 1800s, graves were marked by pairs of headstones and footstones, with the deceased laid to rest facing east to rising once more at dawn of Judgment Day."
  37. ^ Grave and nave: an compages of cemeteries and sanctuaries in rural Ontario "Sanctuaries face east, and burials are with the feet to the east, assuasive the incumbent to rise facing the dawn on the Solar day of Judgment."
  38. ^ The history of judicial hanging in Britain: Afterward the execution "Henry VIII passed a police in 1540 allowing surgeons four bodies of executed criminals each per year. Little was known most beefcake and medical schools were very keen to go their hands on expressionless bodies that they could dissect." [ dead link ]
  39. ^ Miriam Shergold and Jonathan GrantThe evolution of regulations for wellness inquiry in England(pdf) Prepared for the Department of Health, February 2006. Page 4. "For example, the Church banned dissection and autopsies on the grounds of the spiritual welfare of the deceased."
  40. ^ Staff. Resurrection of the Trunk Archived 23 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine Catholic Answers Archived 13 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 17 November 2008
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  42. ^ Mary Abbott (1996). Life Cycles in England, 1560–1720: Cradle to Grave, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-10842-X, 9780415108423. p. 33
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  44. ^ Aurelius Augustinus, City of God Confronting the Pagans "For then, either not all the dead volition ascent, leaving some human being souls without bodies forever, that had one time had man bodies, though only in their mother's womb; or if all human souls are to receive in the resurrection the bodies which ..."
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  46. ^ The Cosmic Catechism by Father John A. Hardon, p. 265
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  49. ^ Canon of the Catholic Church #1038 . Retrieved 19 January 2019.
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  53. ^ Evangelical Lutheran intelligencer: Volume 5–1830 Page nine Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Maryland and Virginia "Every 1 of those committed to our intendance is possessed of an immortal soul and should nosotros not exceedingly rejoice, that we in the hands of the Supreme Existence, may be instrumental in leading them unto 'fountains of living h2o'."
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  56. ^ Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 33. ISBN9780664230395. The New Attestation does non speak of a natural immortality of the soul, as if we never actually die. Information technology speaks of resurrection of the torso, the claim that is fabricated each fourth dimension we state the historic Apostles' Creed and classic Nicene Creed. (For the words of these creeds, see UMH 880–882.)
  57. ^ 2007 Book of Discipline. Gratis Methodist Publishing House. 2007. p. 25. Retrieved 21 Apr 2014.
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  59. ^ Michael Ashton. Raised to Judgement Bible Educational activity virtually Resurrection & Judgement Christadelphian, Birmingham 1991
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  61. ^ Herbert Lockyer All about the Second Coming 1998 p. xv "Only some of the dead will rise: "the dead in Christ will ascent first"(1 Thessalonians 4:xvi). The rest of the expressionless, the wicked dead, will remain in their graves until the fourth dimension of the corking white throne, when all must exist raised"
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  63. ^ LDS Church Chapter 41: The Postmortal Spirit World
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  66. ^ LDS Church Translated Beings
  67. ^ Ben Witherington Revelation p291 2003 "In short John affirms 2 resurrections of the dead: one is blessed, the other not blessed; one is before the millennium, the other later on it.5 Information technology is and so proper to conclude that John believes in a future millennial reign upon the earth."
  68. ^ Paul Althaus The theology of Martin Luther 1966 "With the New Testament, Luther teaches the resurrection of all the dead and non only of the believers." All enter into judgment. The believers enter into eternal life with Christ; evil men enter into eternal death with the devil and his angels.""
  69. ^ Hobbes Leviathan 1976 ed., p.315 "For though the Scripture exist clear for a universal resurrection, yet we practice non read that to any of the reprobate is promised an eternal life. For whereas St. Paul, to the question concerning what bodies men shall rise with once again,"
  70. ^ 7th-24-hour interval Adventists reply questions on doctrine Full general Conference of 7th-Solar day Adventists – 1957 "The general resurrection of all the dead occurs at the second advent, which will usher in the eternal world. Satan was "bound" by the outset appearance of our Lord, and expelled from the individual hearts of His followers"
  71. ^ Tennant, H. Christadelphians – What they believe and teach Birmingham, CMPA 1977
  72. ^ aka "the Day of Judgment" (yawm ad-din)
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  74. ^ admin@inter-islam.org. "Signs of Qiyaamah". Inter-islam.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  75. ^ Isaac Hasson, Last Judgment, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an
  76. ^ 50. Gardet, Qiyama, Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an
  77. ^ Sura 39 (Az-Zumar), ayah 68 Quran 39:68
  78. ^ "Half-dozen Manufactures of Islamic Faith". Archived from the original on 21 Apr 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  79. ^ Richard N. Longenecker – Life in the Confront of Decease: The Resurrection Message of the New Testament p. 48 1998 "Franz König, for example, concludes that the primeval testament of Zoroastrian belief in a resurrection cannot be dated before the quaternary century BC (cf. Zarathustras Jenseitsvorstellungen und das Alte Attestation [Vienna: Herder, ."
  80. ^ R. M. M. Tuschling – Angels and Orthodoxy: A Report in Their Development in Syria and ... – 2007 pp.. 23, 271 " While admitting that Judaism and Zoroastrianism share a belief in resurrection, he points to a meaning divergence between them: in Iranian religion all are resurrected and purified as function of the renewal of the world."
  81. ^ Boyce, Mary (1979), Zoroastrians: Their Religious Behavior and Practices, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 27–29, ISBN978-0-415-23902-8

References [edit]

  • Abbott-Smith, George (1999). A Manual Greek Dictionary of the New Testament (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: T&T Clark. p. 33. ISBN9780567086846.
  • Insight (1988). Insight on the Scriptures, Vol. 1. Pennsylvania: Spotter Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. pp. 783–793.
  • Strong, James (2007). Strong'southward exhaustive cyclopedia of the Bible (Updated ed.). Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers. ISBN9781565633599.
  • Thayer, Joseph Henry (1890). Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Attestation. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson. ISBN9780913573228.
  • "Part ane: Article eleven "The Resurrection of the Body."". The canon of the Council of Trent. Translated by James Donovan. Lucas Brothers. 1829.
  • Maas, Anthony John (1911). "Resurrection". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Cosmic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

External links [edit]

  • George A. Barton, Kaufmann Kohler, "Resurrection", Jewish Encyclopedia (1906)

langeaunte1937.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_resurrection

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